America, since its birth as a nation, has always been on the move. Whether by land, air, or sea, Americans learn at a very young age how important it is to get from point A to point B. Travel in the 1920s and 1930s became very popular. Transportation advanced through the steam locomotive, the automobile, and the plane as it became a way of life for many people. Transportation assisted people in moving forward literally and figuratively during the 1920s and 1930s.
Genesis of the Steam Locomotive
Steam power transformed transportation in several ways. The creation of the steam engine sparked several changes and add-ons to the machinery during that time. It also helped introduce the amazing steam powered locomotives. Steam locomotives, or trains, are vehicles that operate on rails or tracks and are motorized by steam engines. Steam locomotives were traditionally used for carrying cargo and other materials, along with passengers. Although the locomotive became the ideal way of transportation for most of the 19th and also some of the 20th century, trains were ultimately replaced with more modern means of travel. The Genesis of the steam locomotive began with the groundbreaking progress of the steam engine. The creation of the steam engine began in the late 17th century. In 1698, English inventor Thomas Savery created a device that permitted the use of steam to actually pump water. The steam engine that Savery produced was created to remove water from mines. In 1712, Savery’s design of the steam engine was improved by an English engineer by the name of Thomas Newcomen. As time progressed, several more important enhancements to the steam engine were made possible by James Watt, a Scottish engineer and inventor, in 1763. James Watt's improvements to the steam engine created a doorway for the production of the steam locomotive.
Britain became a leading influence in the production of the steam engine and steam locomotives. Even though other samples of the locomotive had been created, Richard Trevithick in 1804 created the first full scale steam locomotive in Britain. Unfortunately, Trevithick’s steam locomotive was not well acknowledged. In 1814, British Engineer George Stephenson built the first effective steam engine locomotive, and he called it the Blucher. The Blucher could carry up to 30 tons, or 60,000 pounds, of coal at around 4mph going uphill. Stephenson also produced the first public railway for the steam locomotives to improve transportation in 1825.
The Stourbridge Lion was the very first steam locomotive to function in the United States. Shipped from Britain, its purpose was solely for carrying coal. In fact, the Stourbridge Lion was actually 7.5 tons and was too solid to be supported by tracks that were meant to hold a maximum of only 4 tons. Peter Cooper actually built the first steam locomotive in America, and it was called the Tom Thumb. The Tom Thumb hit the tracks in 1830 and carried 36 passengers traveling a smooth 18mph. Also in 1830, The Best Friend of Charleston was the name of the first locomotive to pull cars in The United States and commonly transport civilians.
How the Locomotives Operated
The steam locomotive is unable to operate without the steam powered engine. The steam powered engine is the most vital part of the locomotive. To grasp an understanding of how the locomotive operates, it is substantial to first understand how the steam engine functions correctly. The engine contains fire and water, which is used to generate heat. In creating the fire usually coal, wood, and oil were used as fuel to produce fire. Fire is used to increase the temperature of the water and eventually produces steam that assists the wheels in turning. Fire tube boilers were
usually built horizontally and were generally used in steam locomotives. Towards the rear of the boiler was a firebox. The firebox is where the fuel was heated and was also built with a door that could be opened to put more coal or wood for extra fuel. The gasses that were heated passed through metal tubes that were plunged in water and from there converted the water into steam. If the pressure became extreme the steam could be released manually, or it was released in the steam pipes then to a cylinder where it allows the pistons to move appropriately. The pistons were linked to the wheels of the locomotive, and when the valves release the steam on the pistons, the wheels would move and operate the locomotive.[1]
The steam locomotive helped in assisting the work load for several men. The train also continued to help life in the 1920s and 1930s. Transportation was becoming a way of life and taking the train became somewhat of a luxury for some. The scenic routes could have been entertainment for some. Overall, the steam locomotive played a strong role in the lives of several people throughout the decades.
[1] "Transportation History: The Steam Locomotive." Transportation History: The Steam Locomotive. http://www.custom-qr-codes.net/history-steam-locomotive.html (accessed March 31, 2014).
Genesis of the Steam Locomotive
Steam power transformed transportation in several ways. The creation of the steam engine sparked several changes and add-ons to the machinery during that time. It also helped introduce the amazing steam powered locomotives. Steam locomotives, or trains, are vehicles that operate on rails or tracks and are motorized by steam engines. Steam locomotives were traditionally used for carrying cargo and other materials, along with passengers. Although the locomotive became the ideal way of transportation for most of the 19th and also some of the 20th century, trains were ultimately replaced with more modern means of travel. The Genesis of the steam locomotive began with the groundbreaking progress of the steam engine. The creation of the steam engine began in the late 17th century. In 1698, English inventor Thomas Savery created a device that permitted the use of steam to actually pump water. The steam engine that Savery produced was created to remove water from mines. In 1712, Savery’s design of the steam engine was improved by an English engineer by the name of Thomas Newcomen. As time progressed, several more important enhancements to the steam engine were made possible by James Watt, a Scottish engineer and inventor, in 1763. James Watt's improvements to the steam engine created a doorway for the production of the steam locomotive.
Britain became a leading influence in the production of the steam engine and steam locomotives. Even though other samples of the locomotive had been created, Richard Trevithick in 1804 created the first full scale steam locomotive in Britain. Unfortunately, Trevithick’s steam locomotive was not well acknowledged. In 1814, British Engineer George Stephenson built the first effective steam engine locomotive, and he called it the Blucher. The Blucher could carry up to 30 tons, or 60,000 pounds, of coal at around 4mph going uphill. Stephenson also produced the first public railway for the steam locomotives to improve transportation in 1825.
The Stourbridge Lion was the very first steam locomotive to function in the United States. Shipped from Britain, its purpose was solely for carrying coal. In fact, the Stourbridge Lion was actually 7.5 tons and was too solid to be supported by tracks that were meant to hold a maximum of only 4 tons. Peter Cooper actually built the first steam locomotive in America, and it was called the Tom Thumb. The Tom Thumb hit the tracks in 1830 and carried 36 passengers traveling a smooth 18mph. Also in 1830, The Best Friend of Charleston was the name of the first locomotive to pull cars in The United States and commonly transport civilians.
How the Locomotives Operated
The steam locomotive is unable to operate without the steam powered engine. The steam powered engine is the most vital part of the locomotive. To grasp an understanding of how the locomotive operates, it is substantial to first understand how the steam engine functions correctly. The engine contains fire and water, which is used to generate heat. In creating the fire usually coal, wood, and oil were used as fuel to produce fire. Fire is used to increase the temperature of the water and eventually produces steam that assists the wheels in turning. Fire tube boilers were
usually built horizontally and were generally used in steam locomotives. Towards the rear of the boiler was a firebox. The firebox is where the fuel was heated and was also built with a door that could be opened to put more coal or wood for extra fuel. The gasses that were heated passed through metal tubes that were plunged in water and from there converted the water into steam. If the pressure became extreme the steam could be released manually, or it was released in the steam pipes then to a cylinder where it allows the pistons to move appropriately. The pistons were linked to the wheels of the locomotive, and when the valves release the steam on the pistons, the wheels would move and operate the locomotive.[1]
The steam locomotive helped in assisting the work load for several men. The train also continued to help life in the 1920s and 1930s. Transportation was becoming a way of life and taking the train became somewhat of a luxury for some. The scenic routes could have been entertainment for some. Overall, the steam locomotive played a strong role in the lives of several people throughout the decades.
[1] "Transportation History: The Steam Locomotive." Transportation History: The Steam Locomotive. http://www.custom-qr-codes.net/history-steam-locomotive.html (accessed March 31, 2014).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCE6Aieh3BM
This YouTube video shows what it was like to be on a steam locomotive in the 1920s. This video also gives the viewer an idea of how powerful the machine was.
Hobos and Trains
[1] Several people in the 1930s were forced off of their farm and were in need of more work. Determined to do whatever it took to better their future, many civilians became hobos. Often the only way to finding work was catching an illegal ride upon a train. More than 6,000 hobos lost their lives in one year by mishap or by railroad "bulls." Railroad bulls were ruthless guards hired by the railways to keep a close check on who paid for their ride on the train. Unfortunately, food was hard to find for a hobo and became a continuous problem. Hobos repeatedly pleaded for food at local farmhouses. If the farmer was kind enough to give the hobo food, the hobo would remember the area and know that place was good to beg for food. Hitching a ride on the rails was a dangerous business. The bulls were always prepared to eliminate hobos from trains. A hobo could never just wait in the train yard and hop on without any problem. Most hobos would stay hidden along the trails outside of the yard. Hobos would sprint beside the train as its speed increased and attempt to grab and jump into open boxcars. Unfortunately, from time to time, hobos failed to hop on board. There were many times where a hobo either damaged or lost legs and sometimes even his or her life. As the train became closer to arriving at its destination, the hobos would have to jump off. This bettered their chances of evading a new set of bulls that would arrest or severely injure the hobos.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQ0ElsEv6oc
As you can see in this YouTube video life was extremely hard for a hobo. I have gained a new outlook on the American Hobo. I could not imagine living day by day searching for work or begging for food. I am intrigued at how determined hobos were in finding work. Although catching an illegal ride on a train was a very dangerous situation, the hobos still continued to do what was necessary in order to survive. I commend the men and women who lived as hobos in search for a better life for their families and themselves.
The Legacy of Henry Ford
[2]The automobile continues to advance and change daily. A man by the name of Henry Ford revolutionized the automobile and made it possible for average Americans to own one. Although Ford was perceived by many as not too bright of a character, he still managed to change the world (232). Creating the Model T altered the automobile into a general appliance. Ford’s Model T was made affordable for any average working man and this made life for people in the 20s and 30s easier (232). Henry Ford developed more than fifty factories on six different continents, employed numerous people, and produced half of the world’s automobiles (232). Ford also had a hand in creating the assembly line, which put forth the production of vehicles more rapidly (235). [3]Henry Ford helped create the groundwork of the twentieth century. The assembly line became a very popular production mode. In fact, the assembly line was used in everything from phonographs and even to hamburgers. The assembly line assisted men in creating war material at a faster rate and was a vital part of the allied victory in the Second World War. Ford’s Model T produced mass mobility and ultimately altered living patterns, leisure activities, landscape, and even the atmosphere of the American people.
[1] Ganzel, Bill. "Riding the Rails during the Great Depression." Riding the Rails during the Great Depression. http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_07.html (accessed April 25, 2014).
[2] Bryson, Bill. "JULY: THE PRESIDENT." In One summer: America, 1927. New York: Doubleday, 2013. 232-235.
[3] "Henry Ford's Legacy." Henry Ford's Legacy. http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/hf/Henry_Ford_Legacy.asp (accessed April 27, 2014).
This YouTube video shows what it was like to be on a steam locomotive in the 1920s. This video also gives the viewer an idea of how powerful the machine was.
Hobos and Trains
[1] Several people in the 1930s were forced off of their farm and were in need of more work. Determined to do whatever it took to better their future, many civilians became hobos. Often the only way to finding work was catching an illegal ride upon a train. More than 6,000 hobos lost their lives in one year by mishap or by railroad "bulls." Railroad bulls were ruthless guards hired by the railways to keep a close check on who paid for their ride on the train. Unfortunately, food was hard to find for a hobo and became a continuous problem. Hobos repeatedly pleaded for food at local farmhouses. If the farmer was kind enough to give the hobo food, the hobo would remember the area and know that place was good to beg for food. Hitching a ride on the rails was a dangerous business. The bulls were always prepared to eliminate hobos from trains. A hobo could never just wait in the train yard and hop on without any problem. Most hobos would stay hidden along the trails outside of the yard. Hobos would sprint beside the train as its speed increased and attempt to grab and jump into open boxcars. Unfortunately, from time to time, hobos failed to hop on board. There were many times where a hobo either damaged or lost legs and sometimes even his or her life. As the train became closer to arriving at its destination, the hobos would have to jump off. This bettered their chances of evading a new set of bulls that would arrest or severely injure the hobos.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQ0ElsEv6oc
As you can see in this YouTube video life was extremely hard for a hobo. I have gained a new outlook on the American Hobo. I could not imagine living day by day searching for work or begging for food. I am intrigued at how determined hobos were in finding work. Although catching an illegal ride on a train was a very dangerous situation, the hobos still continued to do what was necessary in order to survive. I commend the men and women who lived as hobos in search for a better life for their families and themselves.
The Legacy of Henry Ford
[2]The automobile continues to advance and change daily. A man by the name of Henry Ford revolutionized the automobile and made it possible for average Americans to own one. Although Ford was perceived by many as not too bright of a character, he still managed to change the world (232). Creating the Model T altered the automobile into a general appliance. Ford’s Model T was made affordable for any average working man and this made life for people in the 20s and 30s easier (232). Henry Ford developed more than fifty factories on six different continents, employed numerous people, and produced half of the world’s automobiles (232). Ford also had a hand in creating the assembly line, which put forth the production of vehicles more rapidly (235). [3]Henry Ford helped create the groundwork of the twentieth century. The assembly line became a very popular production mode. In fact, the assembly line was used in everything from phonographs and even to hamburgers. The assembly line assisted men in creating war material at a faster rate and was a vital part of the allied victory in the Second World War. Ford’s Model T produced mass mobility and ultimately altered living patterns, leisure activities, landscape, and even the atmosphere of the American people.
[1] Ganzel, Bill. "Riding the Rails during the Great Depression." Riding the Rails during the Great Depression. http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_07.html (accessed April 25, 2014).
[2] Bryson, Bill. "JULY: THE PRESIDENT." In One summer: America, 1927. New York: Doubleday, 2013. 232-235.
[3] "Henry Ford's Legacy." Henry Ford's Legacy. http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/hf/Henry_Ford_Legacy.asp (accessed April 27, 2014).
The Automobile in the 1920s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WNZ1bWMTL0
As you can see in this YouTube video, the automobile played an important role in the 1920s. The automobile helped Americans do great things, as well as travel and reach desired destinations at a faster rate. In this video you see how the automobile helped fire fighters reach a fire more quickly. This could be the determining factor in saving a burning structure or even saving someone’s life. The automobile opened jobs for the working class. As you see in the video, there are men working on light poles with the help of an automobile. Also, street sweepers were made possible with the innovations of the automobile, which opened more jobs for average working men. Also through my research, I have found that automobiles made it possible for more Americans to socialize and enjoy leisure activities.
The Automobile in the 1930s
[1]When the 1930s comes to mind the Great Depression is usually what one thinks of first. Several are left with the impression that nothing good could have possibly came from the Great Depression because America was too locked in on continuing its existence. However, dealing with the region of automobile improvement, the vehicles of the 1930s were developed with new features that are still used in cars today. In fact, automobile industrialists sought a modification of the manufacturing process and invented some very vital features that would become normal in cars across the industry. For example, automatic transmissions and the variety of power in engines such as the V-8, the V-12 and the V-16 created the foundation for future design developments.
5 Much like most of the culture, the 1920s automobile producers put style and looks before mechanics because that is what consumers wanted and desired. Although the 1930s automobiles did have a sophisticated look to them, the focus was more on mechanical abilities. This may also show that the people living in the 1930s were more realistic in light of the depressing times that surrounded them. Automobiles in the 1930s were first introduced to automatic chocks, gearshifts steering columns, a more smooth shifting transmission, and hydraulic brakes. It is interesting to know that some of the most crucial developments to the automobile was created in a time were many Americans were in need of much hope.
5 The 1930s car industry revolved around three major automobile manufactures, which were Ford, Chrysler, and General Motors. To sell an automobile in the 1930s it took an intelligent design and advertising. The Great Depression put the economy in shackles, so automobiles had to really catch the attention of the few consumers that were able to purchase one. Automobiles in the 1930s, in my opinion, really helped Americans grasp the sense of togetherness. Dickstein refers to this in his book Dancing in the Dark. Without the automobile to transport people to experience the arts of the 1930s, sanity could have very well been lost for many.
The Airplane
The First World War sped up the manufacturing of airplanes; during that time the plane was still in its earlier form. By the early stages of the 1920s, the airplane became much more dependable and was able to fly longer distances and transport heavier loads. This made it possible for the airplane to carry passengers and cargo regularly. With the capability to travel extended distances at a faster rate but only with a fairly light load meant that the earliest commercial shipping services were mostly mail deliveries. Airplanes were originally built mainly of wood and canvas. However, developments in the aviation industry continued over time and the use of metal parts and panels were implemented until all-metal airplanes became the norm. Pilots, who were fortunate enough to return from the First World War, sustained themselves by travelling throughout the country, visiting and showing off their flying talents. The pilots would also as take paying passengers for rides.
6 With increasing capabilities of 1920s planes, the opportunity created the chance for brave men and women pilots to break and or set aviation distance and speed records. Pilots quickly caught the imagination of the Americans who fell in love with the flying machines. They would also be sure to follow the pilots’ adventures and activities, treating them like royalty. Crowds of people would be waiting the arrival of the pilots after heroic flights, and massive street parades in their honor would be held.
The Aviation Legend
[3]Some very well-known and bold aviators took flight in 1927, in high hopes of being the first to complete a flight without stopping between New York and Paris. A large amount of cash had been offered by hotel entrepreneurs for the first to complete this adventure. Four men had already become deceased trying to conquer this; three others had been tremendously injured; and two were still lost. However, that didn't stop one highly motivated individual from Little Falls, Minnesota. Charles Lindbergh was employed as an air mail pilot. Eventually Lindbergh went on to become an American icon. Charles Lindbergh was able to be convincing enough to get a group of businessmen from St. Louis to support and fund his effort to triumph over the trans-Atlantic flight. Lindbergh worked diligently with a plane company from San Diego to custom-build the plane to meet strict qualifications needed to complete this act of bravery. The Spirit of St. Louis was the name Lindbergh chose for his plane in honor of his supporters.
7 Lindbergh arrived in New York, and a numerous amount of people believed Lindbergh had no chance of completing this adventure. Not only was Charles Lindbergh making the attempt to fly in a plane with only one engine, but Lindbergh was attempting this flight alone.
Several were doubtful that Lindbergh would survive his attempt to make this flight and believed he would surly die. Newspapers went on to call Lindbergh "the flying fool." 7 Several questions sparked in Lindbergh’s mind before he took his part in American history. Lindbergh wondered if the plane was too heavy because of the fuel load, also the question of if he could actually gain enough speed to become airborne. However, even though the man was staring in the face of mystery he overcame the situation and took flight on what was a groundbreaking achievement. Lindbergh finally made it home and completed the journey many thought to be impossible. The United States welcomed a new hero with open arms. Around four million civilians entered the streets of New York City for a major parade given in Lindbergh’s honor. Political figures and businessmen were quick to promote transportation in the skies and they wanted Lindbergh to show off his talents and fly the Spirit of St. Louis all through America. Through the time period of a few months, Lindbergh managed to visits 92 cities in 49 states. Lindbergh captured the hearts of the American people and became a hero that defied all odds. Lindbergh eventually concluded his national tour and he continued to advertise the benefits of aviation. He promoted aviation further with flights to Central and South America. Lindbergh anticipated that aviation could possibly form a stronger bond with different countries also, to gain a greater understanding among other cultures.
Greatest Pilot of his Age
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZ-NLkTSJNQ
This YouTube video shows the crowd of people in Paris welcoming Charles Lindbergh as he landed in Paris. You can almost feel the excitement as people scatter to get a look at the man who could have been considered immortal after completing the Trans-Atlantic flight.
[4]Making this flight alone automatically puts Charles Lindbergh as a candidate for the supreme pilot of his age, if not the greatest pilot of all time (96). One other accomplishment Charles was able to complete was he was the only man in aviation that year to land where he predicted he would. There were numerous flights during the summer of 1927 and several failed, endured force landings, or landed in places they were extremely unfamiliar with.
Landing in Paris, Lindbergh never expected to receive the greeting like he would. Charles had no idea that massive numbers of people were waiting for him. His only concern in the air was wondering if the people spoke English. When word got around the Spirit of St. Louis touched the ground the entire world felt a joy like nothing before (97).
Lindbergh had done the impossible. He became a hero for people all over the world. In my opinion he gave Americans that sense of security knowing that human beings can do the impossible, such as flying long distances. Charles Lindbergh was a national hero and the newspapers were sure to let the people know about this man. He was a hero I believe Americans needed for that time in history and also for the Great Depression. Lindbergh’s flight assured people that when circumstances seem negative, positives can always arise. With this amazing journey completed it seemed as though Americans developed a certain demeanor about themselves. Several began to know and understand that when odds were not in their favor there is always someone who can help you through the situation. As the 1930s rolled around, flying improved, much like the automobile did. But none of this could have been possible without the young man who defied all odds.
Conclusion
All in all, transportation became very important for Americans and is still to this day just as important. Traveling with these different machines really opened new doors for people all over the world. Developing new features and the overall production of transportation machines created jobs for Americans. Not only did transportation create jobs it allowed civilians to have better opportunities in finding new jobs.
The steam locomotive helped men to work more proficiently and helped develop a way to get more work done in one day. Also, normal people known as hobos were given the opportunity to catch a ride to a new beginning. Although several of the rides hobos got from trains were illegal, I am still intrigued at how they did what was necessary to provide a better life for themselves and their families.
Henry Ford shaped an American culture through the automobile industry. The automobile industry also created numerous jobs for men all over the world. I am very interested in the fact that there were new features added to the automobile during an economic crisis in the 1930s. I also like that idea of creating new groundbreaking works when people were at their utmost low in life. [5]An example would be some of the works Morris Dickstein covers in his book, such as “Pick Yourself Up” and “Let Yourself Go.” These songs promote that dancing could be a cure to the blues and was a Depression uplift. For some people maybe creating new innovations to the automobile is what cured their sorrow. The automobile also made it possible for people to socialize more, which could have helped them endure the tough times of the 1930s as well. Also, the automobile increased leisure time for numerous people.
Finally, we have the airplane. I believe the airplane was one of the most groundbreaking machines to travel on. The plane was important from its early genesis and especially in assisting America in the war. But when Charles Lindbergh took flight on his journey and survived I believe Americans everywhere felt a sense of security. Traveling long distances on a plane was unheard of during the 1920s, and Lindbergh shocked the world. Once Lindbergh took the heart of America developments began to change. The plane was used to travel all over the world and assist Americans in several different ways. Much like the automobile, the airplane gained new advancements in the 1930s when it seemed as though nothing good could actually occur.
Transportation in general, with the help of a few well-known individuals, ultimately shaped the American culture that was first on the move in the 1920s to finding new hope in the 1930s. I have really enjoyed researching and exploring new material about transportation. In my opinion transportation could be somewhat over-looked when thinking about the 1920s or 1930s, but I have found through research that transportation really played a vital role in America’s culture during these two time periods.
[1] Nash, Tim. "1930s Cars - Great Innovation Despite Tough Times." The Finer Times: War, Crime and History Resource. http://www.thefinertimes.com/The-1930s/1930s-cars-great-innovation-despite-tough-times.html (accessed April 27, 2014).
[2] "1920s Aviation." 1920's Aviation. http://www.1920-30.com/aviation/ (accessed April 28, 2014).
[3] PBS. "Chasing the Sun - CHARLES LINDBERGH." PBS. http://www.pbs.org/kcet/chasingthesun/innovators/clindbergh.html (accessed April 28, 2014).
[4] Bryson, Bill. "MAY: THE KID." In One summer: America, 1927. New York: Doubleday, 2013. 96-97.
[5] Dickstein, Morris. "Fantasy, Elegance, Mobility: The Dream Life of the 1930s." In Dancing in the dark: a cultural history of the Great Depression. Norton pbk. ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010. 393.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WNZ1bWMTL0
As you can see in this YouTube video, the automobile played an important role in the 1920s. The automobile helped Americans do great things, as well as travel and reach desired destinations at a faster rate. In this video you see how the automobile helped fire fighters reach a fire more quickly. This could be the determining factor in saving a burning structure or even saving someone’s life. The automobile opened jobs for the working class. As you see in the video, there are men working on light poles with the help of an automobile. Also, street sweepers were made possible with the innovations of the automobile, which opened more jobs for average working men. Also through my research, I have found that automobiles made it possible for more Americans to socialize and enjoy leisure activities.
The Automobile in the 1930s
[1]When the 1930s comes to mind the Great Depression is usually what one thinks of first. Several are left with the impression that nothing good could have possibly came from the Great Depression because America was too locked in on continuing its existence. However, dealing with the region of automobile improvement, the vehicles of the 1930s were developed with new features that are still used in cars today. In fact, automobile industrialists sought a modification of the manufacturing process and invented some very vital features that would become normal in cars across the industry. For example, automatic transmissions and the variety of power in engines such as the V-8, the V-12 and the V-16 created the foundation for future design developments.
5 Much like most of the culture, the 1920s automobile producers put style and looks before mechanics because that is what consumers wanted and desired. Although the 1930s automobiles did have a sophisticated look to them, the focus was more on mechanical abilities. This may also show that the people living in the 1930s were more realistic in light of the depressing times that surrounded them. Automobiles in the 1930s were first introduced to automatic chocks, gearshifts steering columns, a more smooth shifting transmission, and hydraulic brakes. It is interesting to know that some of the most crucial developments to the automobile was created in a time were many Americans were in need of much hope.
5 The 1930s car industry revolved around three major automobile manufactures, which were Ford, Chrysler, and General Motors. To sell an automobile in the 1930s it took an intelligent design and advertising. The Great Depression put the economy in shackles, so automobiles had to really catch the attention of the few consumers that were able to purchase one. Automobiles in the 1930s, in my opinion, really helped Americans grasp the sense of togetherness. Dickstein refers to this in his book Dancing in the Dark. Without the automobile to transport people to experience the arts of the 1930s, sanity could have very well been lost for many.
The Airplane
The First World War sped up the manufacturing of airplanes; during that time the plane was still in its earlier form. By the early stages of the 1920s, the airplane became much more dependable and was able to fly longer distances and transport heavier loads. This made it possible for the airplane to carry passengers and cargo regularly. With the capability to travel extended distances at a faster rate but only with a fairly light load meant that the earliest commercial shipping services were mostly mail deliveries. Airplanes were originally built mainly of wood and canvas. However, developments in the aviation industry continued over time and the use of metal parts and panels were implemented until all-metal airplanes became the norm. Pilots, who were fortunate enough to return from the First World War, sustained themselves by travelling throughout the country, visiting and showing off their flying talents. The pilots would also as take paying passengers for rides.
6 With increasing capabilities of 1920s planes, the opportunity created the chance for brave men and women pilots to break and or set aviation distance and speed records. Pilots quickly caught the imagination of the Americans who fell in love with the flying machines. They would also be sure to follow the pilots’ adventures and activities, treating them like royalty. Crowds of people would be waiting the arrival of the pilots after heroic flights, and massive street parades in their honor would be held.
The Aviation Legend
[3]Some very well-known and bold aviators took flight in 1927, in high hopes of being the first to complete a flight without stopping between New York and Paris. A large amount of cash had been offered by hotel entrepreneurs for the first to complete this adventure. Four men had already become deceased trying to conquer this; three others had been tremendously injured; and two were still lost. However, that didn't stop one highly motivated individual from Little Falls, Minnesota. Charles Lindbergh was employed as an air mail pilot. Eventually Lindbergh went on to become an American icon. Charles Lindbergh was able to be convincing enough to get a group of businessmen from St. Louis to support and fund his effort to triumph over the trans-Atlantic flight. Lindbergh worked diligently with a plane company from San Diego to custom-build the plane to meet strict qualifications needed to complete this act of bravery. The Spirit of St. Louis was the name Lindbergh chose for his plane in honor of his supporters.
7 Lindbergh arrived in New York, and a numerous amount of people believed Lindbergh had no chance of completing this adventure. Not only was Charles Lindbergh making the attempt to fly in a plane with only one engine, but Lindbergh was attempting this flight alone.
Several were doubtful that Lindbergh would survive his attempt to make this flight and believed he would surly die. Newspapers went on to call Lindbergh "the flying fool." 7 Several questions sparked in Lindbergh’s mind before he took his part in American history. Lindbergh wondered if the plane was too heavy because of the fuel load, also the question of if he could actually gain enough speed to become airborne. However, even though the man was staring in the face of mystery he overcame the situation and took flight on what was a groundbreaking achievement. Lindbergh finally made it home and completed the journey many thought to be impossible. The United States welcomed a new hero with open arms. Around four million civilians entered the streets of New York City for a major parade given in Lindbergh’s honor. Political figures and businessmen were quick to promote transportation in the skies and they wanted Lindbergh to show off his talents and fly the Spirit of St. Louis all through America. Through the time period of a few months, Lindbergh managed to visits 92 cities in 49 states. Lindbergh captured the hearts of the American people and became a hero that defied all odds. Lindbergh eventually concluded his national tour and he continued to advertise the benefits of aviation. He promoted aviation further with flights to Central and South America. Lindbergh anticipated that aviation could possibly form a stronger bond with different countries also, to gain a greater understanding among other cultures.
Greatest Pilot of his Age
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZ-NLkTSJNQ
This YouTube video shows the crowd of people in Paris welcoming Charles Lindbergh as he landed in Paris. You can almost feel the excitement as people scatter to get a look at the man who could have been considered immortal after completing the Trans-Atlantic flight.
[4]Making this flight alone automatically puts Charles Lindbergh as a candidate for the supreme pilot of his age, if not the greatest pilot of all time (96). One other accomplishment Charles was able to complete was he was the only man in aviation that year to land where he predicted he would. There were numerous flights during the summer of 1927 and several failed, endured force landings, or landed in places they were extremely unfamiliar with.
Landing in Paris, Lindbergh never expected to receive the greeting like he would. Charles had no idea that massive numbers of people were waiting for him. His only concern in the air was wondering if the people spoke English. When word got around the Spirit of St. Louis touched the ground the entire world felt a joy like nothing before (97).
Lindbergh had done the impossible. He became a hero for people all over the world. In my opinion he gave Americans that sense of security knowing that human beings can do the impossible, such as flying long distances. Charles Lindbergh was a national hero and the newspapers were sure to let the people know about this man. He was a hero I believe Americans needed for that time in history and also for the Great Depression. Lindbergh’s flight assured people that when circumstances seem negative, positives can always arise. With this amazing journey completed it seemed as though Americans developed a certain demeanor about themselves. Several began to know and understand that when odds were not in their favor there is always someone who can help you through the situation. As the 1930s rolled around, flying improved, much like the automobile did. But none of this could have been possible without the young man who defied all odds.
Conclusion
All in all, transportation became very important for Americans and is still to this day just as important. Traveling with these different machines really opened new doors for people all over the world. Developing new features and the overall production of transportation machines created jobs for Americans. Not only did transportation create jobs it allowed civilians to have better opportunities in finding new jobs.
The steam locomotive helped men to work more proficiently and helped develop a way to get more work done in one day. Also, normal people known as hobos were given the opportunity to catch a ride to a new beginning. Although several of the rides hobos got from trains were illegal, I am still intrigued at how they did what was necessary to provide a better life for themselves and their families.
Henry Ford shaped an American culture through the automobile industry. The automobile industry also created numerous jobs for men all over the world. I am very interested in the fact that there were new features added to the automobile during an economic crisis in the 1930s. I also like that idea of creating new groundbreaking works when people were at their utmost low in life. [5]An example would be some of the works Morris Dickstein covers in his book, such as “Pick Yourself Up” and “Let Yourself Go.” These songs promote that dancing could be a cure to the blues and was a Depression uplift. For some people maybe creating new innovations to the automobile is what cured their sorrow. The automobile also made it possible for people to socialize more, which could have helped them endure the tough times of the 1930s as well. Also, the automobile increased leisure time for numerous people.
Finally, we have the airplane. I believe the airplane was one of the most groundbreaking machines to travel on. The plane was important from its early genesis and especially in assisting America in the war. But when Charles Lindbergh took flight on his journey and survived I believe Americans everywhere felt a sense of security. Traveling long distances on a plane was unheard of during the 1920s, and Lindbergh shocked the world. Once Lindbergh took the heart of America developments began to change. The plane was used to travel all over the world and assist Americans in several different ways. Much like the automobile, the airplane gained new advancements in the 1930s when it seemed as though nothing good could actually occur.
Transportation in general, with the help of a few well-known individuals, ultimately shaped the American culture that was first on the move in the 1920s to finding new hope in the 1930s. I have really enjoyed researching and exploring new material about transportation. In my opinion transportation could be somewhat over-looked when thinking about the 1920s or 1930s, but I have found through research that transportation really played a vital role in America’s culture during these two time periods.
[1] Nash, Tim. "1930s Cars - Great Innovation Despite Tough Times." The Finer Times: War, Crime and History Resource. http://www.thefinertimes.com/The-1930s/1930s-cars-great-innovation-despite-tough-times.html (accessed April 27, 2014).
[2] "1920s Aviation." 1920's Aviation. http://www.1920-30.com/aviation/ (accessed April 28, 2014).
[3] PBS. "Chasing the Sun - CHARLES LINDBERGH." PBS. http://www.pbs.org/kcet/chasingthesun/innovators/clindbergh.html (accessed April 28, 2014).
[4] Bryson, Bill. "MAY: THE KID." In One summer: America, 1927. New York: Doubleday, 2013. 96-97.
[5] Dickstein, Morris. "Fantasy, Elegance, Mobility: The Dream Life of the 1930s." In Dancing in the dark: a cultural history of the Great Depression. Norton pbk. ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010. 393.